“The coolness of my eyes is in the prayer” – Prophet Muhammad (SAW) (An-Nasa’i)
By: Misbah Momin
Alhumdulillah! Salah (ritual prayer) has been an integral part of life for me and my siblings since childhood. Our parents firmly believed in maintaining a balance between ‘deen‘ and ‘dunya,’ striving to raise us with a harmonious understanding of both this world and the hereafter—much like many other households with similar values.
From a very young age, we developed a deep love for Allah and learned that He, alone, is the one to turn to for all matters—whether worldly or spiritual. Through Allah’s wisdom and mercy, conveyed through our parents, we were gently guided toward the practice of salah. We came to understand that this profound act of devotion performed five times a day is the most powerful way to stay connected to the Most High, Exalted Allah. Its beauty and sacredness continue to inspire me, and I feel compelled to share how it has nurtured and strengthened my bond with the Almighty.
The word “salah” comes from the Arabic root “salat,” which means to connect, link, communicate, or unite. At its core, salah is not just a series of physical movements—standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting—but a transformative spiritual connection with Allah. It’s an opportunity to speak with the Creator, express gratitude, seek repentance, ask for guidance, and find solace in His presence.
Salah in the Noble Quran
Salah is mentioned numerous times in the Qur’an because Allah wants us to focus on establishing and maintaining our connection with Him.
In Surah Al-Baqarah, we are instructed:
“O believers, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient.” [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:153]
Later in the same chapter, we are reminded of the reward for maintaining salah:
“Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds, and establish prayer and give zakah will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.” [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:277]
“And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience].” [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:43]
Here, Allah does not merely instruct us to perform our prayers, but to ‘establish’ them. The word ‘establish’ implies a prayer that is ingrained with sincere, consistent, and strong intention—a prayer that is not just performed, but woven into the fabric of our lives.
“Establish prayer at the decline of the sun [from its meridian] until the darkness of the night and [also] the Qur’an of dawn. Indeed, the recitation of dawn is ever witnessed.” [Surah Al-Isra 17:78]
In this verse, Allah emphasizes the significance of the recitation of the Qur’an during Fajr, highlighting the sanctity of our prayers, particularly the dawn prayer.
These beautiful ayahs remind us that not only humans, but all of Allah’s creations, have been given a means of worship, through dhikr (remembrance) or some form of prayer.
Types of Prayers
There are three main types of prayers in Islam:
1. Fard (Obligatory) Prayers:
These are the five daily prayers that are mandatory for all adult Muslims. Each prayer has a specific time window within which it must be performed:
– Fajr: performed before sunrise
– Dhuhr: performed in the middle of the day
– Asr: performed in the late afternoon
– Maghrib: performed just after sunset
– Isha: performed in the late evening
2. Sunnah (Optional) Prayers:
These are additional voluntary prayers that the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) regularly performed. While not obligatory, they are highly recommended and carry great rewards. Examples include the two rak’ahs before Fajr and the two rak’ahs after Maghrib.
3. Nafl (Voluntary) Prayers:
These prayers can be performed at any time and are not bound by a fixed time, but they carry great rewards. Examples include Ishraq, Duha/Chasht, Awwabin, Tahajjud, Istikhara, Hajat, Tawba, Tahiyyat ul Wudhu, and Tahiyyat ul Masjid.
Why Do We Pray Five Times a Day?
The first verse of Surah Al-Isra (17:1) speaks of a miraculous journey undertaken by our beloved Prophet (SAW). In this journey, known as Isra and Mi’raj, the Prophet (SAW) traveled from Mecca to Jerusalem and then ascended to the heavens in one night. The journey from Mecca to Jerusalem is called Isra, meaning “to travel by night,” and the journey from Jerusalem to the heavens is called Mi’raj, meaning “to ascend.”
During this remarkable night, Allah gifted the Prophet (SAW) with the practice of salah. Initially, fifty prayers were commanded for the ummah (followers) of the Prophet (SAW). However, upon meeting Prophet Musa (AS) in the heavens, the Prophet (SAW) was advised to return to Allah and request a reduction in the number of prayers, as the task might be too burdensome for his followers. The Prophet (SAW) repeatedly went back and forth between Allah and Musa (AS), requesting a reduction each time, until the number of daily prayers was finally reduced to five, with a reward equivalent to fifty prayers.
Thus, the five daily prayers are a gift from Allah, and their regular practice helps elevate the soul. The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said:
“The first thing a person will be questioned about on the Day of Judgment will be their prayer. If it is good, the rest of their deeds will be good; but if it is lacking, the rest of their deeds will be lacking.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)
Reflecting on Salah: The Path to Khushu
Alhamdulillah, we deny no blessings of Allah and are deeply grateful for each one. Among the greatest of His blessings is the gift of salah. From the Takbeer to the Tasleem, the entire prayer is a personal supplication (dua) that benefits us both in this world and the Hereafter. When we reflect on its meaning, we realize that salah encompasses everything we could possibly ask for. It should, therefore, be approached as a labor of love, not merely as an obligation.
In this reflection, we will explore the steps of salah and the supplications (duas) that can help us increase our khushu (humility and focus) during the prayer.
Steps to Salah and Prayers to Increase Khushu
The Adhan (Call to Prayer)
The Adhan is the call to prayer, inviting Muslims to prepare for and perform the mandatory salah. It serves as a declaration of faith and a reminder of the true purpose of life: to worship and serve Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said:
“When the muezzin (the person who performs the adhan) finishes the call to prayer, the gates of heaven are opened, and the gates of hell are closed.” — (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim)
Preparation: Wudu (Ablution)
Before the Salah one must first mindfully perform wudu (ablution). This act of purification is not only physical but also spiritual, symbolizing the cleansing of the heart and mind, preparing us to stand before Allah.
– Dua before Wudu:
“Bismillah” (In the name of Allah). Reciting this phrase before wudu invokes the blessings of Allah.
– Dua after wudu:
After completing Wudu, you can say:
1. “Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lahu, wa ashhadu anna Muhammad abduhoo wa rasooluh.”
“I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, alone, without any partner, and Muhammad is His servant and messenger.”
Alternatively, you can recite:
2. “Allahumma ajilni min al-khabith wal-khaba’ith.”
“O Allah, protect me from the evil and the evildoers.”
You can also say:
3. “Allahumma ighfir li dhambee, wa wassi’ li fi dari, wabarik li fi rizqi.”
“O Allah, forgive my sins, expand my abode, and bless me in my provision.”
4. “Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allah, wahdahu la sharika lah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh. Allahumma-j’alni min at-tawwabina wa-j’alni min al-mutatahhirin.”
“I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone, without any partners, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, make me among those who constantly repent and purify themselves.”
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:
“The key to Paradise is Salah, and the key to salah is wudu.” – (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)
Wudu is the gateway to salah, and salah is the key to paradise. Through wudu, we achieve physical and spiritual purification, preparing ourselves for prayer.
Intention (Niyyah)
Before beginning salah, one must make a sincere intention (niyyah) to offer the prayer for Allah alone. Position yourself on the prayer ground, facing the Qibla (the Holy Kaaba), fully aware that you’re standing in the presence of the Lord of the Worlds, The Most Pure and Majestic. This awareness allows you to momentarily leave behind the distractions of life and focus entirely on the One you are about to worship. As Muslims, we must strive to pray with focus and Ihsan (excellence).
The Prophet (SAW) reminded us:
“Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you’re seeing Him, while you see Him not, He truly sees you.” — (Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim)
Takbeer al-Ihram (Opening Takbeer)
As you raise your hands and say “Allahu Akbar,” remind yourself of the greatness of Allah and enter into His presence. Feel the essence of this moment as you stand before the One who created you.
– Dua after Takbeer:
“SubhanaK Allahumma wa bihamdika wa tabaarak asmuka wa ta’ala jadduka wa la ilaha ghayruk.”
(Glory is to You, O Allah, and Praise is to You, Your Name is Blessed, Your Majesty is Exalted, and there is no God but You.)
The Prophet (SAW) said:
“When any one of you begins his prayer, let him say: ‘Subhanak Allahumma wa bihamdek” — (Sahih Muslim)
Qiyam (Standing)
During the standing position in salah, you recite Surah Al-Fatiha followed by any other surah from the Quran. Remember that your recitation is a direct conversation with Allah. Reflect on the meanings of the words, for each verse is a supplication for guidance, mercy, and support.
The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said:
“Whoever performs the prayer and does not recite the Opening of the Book (Al-Fatiha) in it, his prayer is incomplete.” — (Sahih Bukhari)
This emphasizes on the significance of Surah Al-Fatiha in every prayer, highlighting its central role in establishing our connection with Allah. Let your heart be present with each word you recite, knowing that Allah is listening attentively to every supplication. This mindfulness enhances the quality of your prayer, increasing your humility and devotion.
Ruku (Bowing)
When you bow, remember the power and majesty of Allah. In this position, you demonstrate humility and submission to the Creator.
– Dua in Ruku:
“Subhana Rabbiyal Azeem.” (Glory is to my Lord, the Most Great.)
For the ruku, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) taught us a profound dua:
“Subhana Dhil-Juburuti Wal-Malakuti Wal-Kibriya’i Wal-Azama.”
(Glory is to the Possessor of the Majesty, the Sovereignty, the Greatness, and the Supreme Power).
This supplication acknowledges Allah’s infinite Majesty, His Sovereignty, and His absolute control over all of creation, reminding us of our complete submission to the One who holds all power and authority.
Standing Up from Ruku
As you rise from ruku, say:
“Samee’ Allahu liman Hamidah Rabbana lakal hamd.”
(Allah hears the one who praises Him. Our Lord, to You is due all praise.)
The Prophet (SAW) told taught his companions:
“When you rise from ruku, say: ‘Hamdan kaseeran tayyiban mubarakun feeh.’”
(All praise is due to Allah, in abundance, good and blessed.) — (Sahih Muslim)
This is a beautiful expression of gratitude and praise to Allah after the ruku position.
Sujud (Prostration)
Prostration is the pinnacle of humility in salah. In this position, you’re closest to Allah. Let go of any distractions and humble yourself before Him, for prayers are answered in this position.
As Allah says in the final verse of Surah Al-Alaq:
“Kalla; la tuti’hu wasjud waqtarib” (96:19)
(Prostrate and draw near to Allah.)
– Dua in Sujud:
“Subhana Rabbiyal A’la.” (Glory is to my Lord, the Most High)
– Added Duas in Sujud:
1. Dua 1:
“Subuhun Quddusun Rabbul Malaikati wa’l-Ruh.”
(Glory is to Allah, the Most Sacred, the Lord of the Angels and the Spirit)— (Sunan Abu Dawood and Sahih Muslim)
2. Dua 2:
“Allāhumma laka sajadtu wa bika āmantu. Wa laka aslamtu. Sajada wajhī lilladhī khalaqahu, wa ṣawwarahu. Wa shaqqa sam`ahu wa baṣarahu. Tabārakallāhu ’aḥsanul-khāliqīn.”
(O Allah, to You I prostrate myself and in You I believe. To You I have submitted. My face is prostrated to the One Who created it, fashioned it, and gave it hearing and sight. Blessed is Allah, the Best of creators.) — (Sahih Muslim)
3. Dua 3:
“Allāhumma’ghfir lī dhanbī kullahu. Diqqahu wa jillahu. Wa awwalahu wa ākhirahu wa ’alāniyyatahu wa sirrahu.”
(O Allah, forgive me all my sins, great and small, the first and the last, those that are apparent and those that are hidden)— (Sahih Muslim)
4. Dua 4:
“Allaahumma ‘innee ‘a’oothu bika min ‘athaabil-qabri, wa min ‘athaabi jahannama, wa min fitnatil-mahyaa walmamaati, wa min sharri fitnatil-maseehid-dajjaal.”
(O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, and from the punishment of Hell-fire, and from the trials of life and death, and from the evil of the trial of the False Messiah.) — (Al-Bukhari, Muslim)
5. Dua 5:
“Allaahumma ‘a’innee ‘alaa thikrika, wa shukrika, wa husni ‘ibaadatika.”
(O Allah, help me to remember You, to give You thanks, and to perform Your worship in the best manner.) — (Abu Dawud, An-Nasa’i)
Du’as Between Two Sajdas
Here are two duas to recite in the sitting position between two sajdas, seeking Allah’s mercy and blessings:
1. Dua 1:
“Rabbi’ghfir lī, Rabbi’ghfir lī.”
(Lord, forgive me. My Lord, forgive me.) — (Sunan Abu Dawood, Sahih Ibn Majah)
This simple yet powerful dua is a humble plea for Allah’s mercy and forgiveness.
2. Dua 2:
“Allāhumma’ghfir lī, war’ḥamnī, wahdinī, wajburnī, wa āfinī, warzuqnī, warafanī.”
(O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, fix my affairs, protect me, provide for me, and elevate me.) — (Sunan Abu Dawood, Sunan Ibn Majah)
A comprehensive supplication asking Allah for forgiveness, mercy, guidance, support, protection, sustenance, and elevation.
Tashahhud (Testification)
The tashahhud is recited while kneeling or sitting, glorifying Allah, and greeting Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and the righteous servants of Allah. This part of the prayer also includes two testimonials of faith.
Reciting the tashahhud renews our testimony of faith, also known as “attahiyat” (the greetings). Reflect on your belief in the oneness of Allah and the finality of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) as His Messenger.
– Dua in Tashahhud:
“At-tahiyyatu lil-lahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibaatu, assalamu ‘alayka ayyuhal-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh”
(Blessed salutations, prayers, and good deeds to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, along with Allah’s mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger).
Salawat (Sending Blessings Upon the Prophet)
The recitation continues with sending blessings and peace upon Prophet Muhammad (SAW), known as “Salawat”:
“Allaahumma salli ‘ala Muhammad wa ‘ala Aali Muhammad kama salayta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala aali Ibraaheem innaka hameedun majeed”
(O Allah, send Your mercy upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent Your mercy upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. You are the Most Praise-worthy, the Most Glorious.) — (Sahih Bukhari)
The Prophet (SAW) said:
“Whoever sends blessings upon me once, Allah will send blessings upon him tenfold, erase ten misdeeds, and raise him ten degrees in status.” — (An-Nasa’i, classed as saheeh by al-Albaani)
Duas Before Tasleem (Salam)
Here are a few duas from the Qur’an to recite before tasleem:
1. Dua 1:
“Rabbana atina fid dunya hasanatan wa fil Aakhirati hasanatan waqina ‘adhaban-nar” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:201)
“Our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.”
2. Dua 2:
“Rabbana la tuzigh qulubana baada iz hadaytana wahab lana min ladunka rahmatan innaka anta al-Wahhab.” (Surah Al-Imran, 3:8)
“Our Lord, do not let our hearts deviate after You have guided us, and grant us mercy. Indeed, You are the Bestower.”
3. Dua 3:
“Rabbana hab lana min azwajina wa dhurriyatina qurrata ayunin wa j‘alna lil muttaqeena imama.” (Surah Al-Furqan, 25:74)
“Our Lord, grant us from our wives and offspring the joy of our eyes, and make us leaders for the righteous.”
4. Dua 4:
“Rabbana zalamna anfusana wa in lam taghfirlana wa tarhamna lanakoonanna min al-khasireen.” (Surah Al-A’raf, 7:23)
“Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers.”
5. Dua 5:
“Rabbi zidni ’ilma” (Surah Ta-Ha, 20:114)
“My Lord, increase me in knowledge.”
Tasleem (Salam)
After completing your prayer, turn your head to the right and left, saying, “As-Salaamu ‘alaykum wa Rahmatullah.” This signifies your return to the world after a sacred moment.
Duas After Tasleem
—Recite three times: “Astaghfirullaah” (I seek forgiveness from Allah). Then say:
“Allāhumma Antas-Salaam wa minkas-salaam. Tabaarakhta yaa Dhal-jalaali wal-ikram”
(You are the Source of Peace, and from You comes peace. Blessed are You, O Possessor of Majesty and Honour).
—The Tasbeeh of Bibi Fatima (RA) is a highly recommended supplication, taught by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) to his daughter to seek peace and tranquility, especially in times of difficulty. It consists of:
1. SubhanAllah (Glory be to Allah) – 33 times
2. Alhamdulillah (All praise is due to Allah) – 33 times
3. Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) – 33 times
4. la ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lahu lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu wa huwa ala kulli shay in qadir(There is no god but Allah, He is One with no partner, His is the sovereignty, and His is the praise. He is Omnipotent.) – 1 time.
Islam places great emphasis on both Huquq Allah (the rights of Allah) and Huquq ul Ibad (the rights of humankind). True kindness and empathy toward others stem from first connecting with Allah through sincere salah. Salah is not merely a duty—it is a divine gift that sustains us in this world and the Hereafter.
As Allah states in the Holy Qur’an:
“Qad aflaha man tazakkaha”
(Indeed, he succeeds who purifies it)— [87:14]
“Wa zakara isma rabbihi fasalla”
(And remembers the name of his Lord and prays) — [87:15]
Through salah, our hearts are purified, allowing us to approach others with empathy and fulfill their rights with justice. May Allah help us hold tightly to this precious blessing.
As Iqbal so eloquently expressed:
“Yeh aik sajda jisse tu girah samajhta hai, hazar sajde se deta hai aadmi ko nijat.”
(This one prostration, which you may think is a burden, actually grants a person freedom through a thousand prostrations).
We have only touched on a few basic duas to help cultivate khushu (humility and focus) in salah. If Allah wills, truly understanding the words and actions of salah will deepen its emotional and spiritual impact. Let us never forget that salah is a priceless gift from the Most Merciful, sustaining us in both worlds.
To conclude, here is a profound supplication from Prophet Ibrahim (AS):
“My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and [many] from my descendants. Our Lord, and accept my supplication.”— [Surah Ibrahim 14:40]
Aameen.
